材料科学研究

电池研究

利用全新的表征解决方案应对电池研究中的挑战

揭示储能材料的工作原理

发电和储能相关应用需要一些当今最复杂的材料开发计划,以保证效率和可靠性。许多电子设备,从笔记本电脑到智能手机,都由可充电锂离子(Li-ion)电池提供动力,而且这种电池很快也会扩展到许多其他领域。这其中就包括正在开发和采用的电动汽车。新材料的不断开发,改变了我们捕捉、传输和储存能量的方式。

任何电池的性能,无论是容量、寿命还是能量密度,最终都取决于构成其正极、负极、电解质和 SEI 的材料的内在特性。布鲁克开发了一整套表征技术,支持科学家了解并优化所有电池组件和完全组装电池的物理和化学特性、性能和稳定性。

您可以在布鲁克官网详情页深入了解原子力显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱、纳米力学测试、X 射线衍射、拉曼显微镜、X 射线显微镜、磁共振和 X 射线光谱如何揭示储能材料的工作原理。

原位表征

FTIR Spectroelectrochemistry

Investigating solutes and electrodes

Researchers can in-situ monitor the electrochemical process in the solutes and electrodes of a lab-level battery model system. These model systems are not ready battery products, but one has the possibility to tune the anode, cathode materials, the electrolyte composition, temperature etc. during a programmed voltage cycle. FTIR spectroscopy is synchronised with electrochemical reaction. As result IR spectra over time / potential are collected. The combination of FTIR spectroscopy with electrochemistry offers insight in the molecular change and the reaction process of the studied molecules in addition to the electrochemical response of the experiment.

In-situ/ In-operando X-ray diffraction

Follow battery cell behavior during cycling

During charge/ discharge, the cathode and anode of every battery cell undergo constant changes, e.g. due to the insertion of Li-cations. With X-ray diffraction (XRD), both the changing phase composition and the evolution of the crystal structure can be followed simultaneously. This allows researchers to understand new energy storage materials on an atomic level, follow the reaction that occur during cycling and monitor degradation behaviour to improve battery performance.

Our X-ray diffractometers support your research and development in battery materials, from ex-situ analysis of isolated cathode and anode materials, to the in-operando investigation of fully functional coin- and pouch-cells.

In-Situ Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy

Observing Li-dendrite growth in situ

Lithium dendrite growth is one of the biggest problems affecting the safety of Li-ion batteries, but probing the initial stages of dendrite growth is difficult due to the reactive and fragile nature of lithium compounds, especially when studying growth at the solid electrolyte interface (SEI).

Using atomic force microscopy with electrochemical mode, the morphological evolution of the electrode surface under potential control can be traced. These experiments reveal different Li-deposition on graphite for different electrolytes, providing a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism of dendritic growth in Li-batteries.

 

原位固体核磁共振

用于储能材料原位研究的固体核磁共振探头

原位固体核磁共振(ssNMR)波谱法可为电池材料的结构、动力学和电化学特性提供宝贵的见解。研究人员可以利用它研究电池工作期间材料的行为,这有助于开发新的和改进的电池设计。

例如,原位核磁共振波谱法可用于研究电池充电和放电循环过程中电解质和电极材料的行为。这些信息可用于优化电池性能,并找出运行过程中可能出现的任何潜在问题。

此外,原位核磁共振波谱法还可用于研究电池材料随时间推移的降解机制。这有助于开发更耐用、寿命更长的电池。

总之,原位核磁共振波谱是电池研究和制造的强大工具,因为它可以让人们更好地了解电池性能的基本过程,并有助于指导下一代电池技术的开发。

固体核磁可用于检测硬碳阳极上金属物种形成的示例(转载自 J. M. Stratford 等人,Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 12430,经英国皇家化学会许

Ex-situ and Failure Analysis

Scanning of battery electrodes by MALDI MSI

Studying electrochemical side reactions by laser desorption/ionization imaging

In the emerging fields of electroorganic synthesis and battery research, electrochemical side reactions on the active surface of electrodes represent a major challenge for efficiency and reproducibility.

Often, the undesired polymerization of one or more compounds on the active surface of electrodes is observed. These polymers tend to adsorb on the electrode leading to a passivation of the active surface, which is often referred to as “electrode fouling”.

Mass spectrometric imaging using the timsTOF fleX enables the identification and the spatially resolved visualization of the adsorbed side products. Hence, timsTOF fleX-based imaging allows the investigation of electrode fouling and provides valuable insight into electrochemical reaction pathways.

Comparison of the ESI mass spectrum of the cell effluent and the mean LDI mass spectrum of the BDD electrode after oxidation of 4-ethylphenol. Second Row: Photographic image of the electrode after electrochemical treatment and simplified polymerization scheme. Below: LDI-MS images (E1-E4) of the spatial oligomer distribution of oxidative polymerized 4-ethylphenol including one hydroxylated compound. The flow direction is from left to right.
Nanomechanical Testing of Batteries

Increasing battery safety

Mechanical damage, including brittle failure of the electrodes and separator penetration, can give rise to dramatic releases of stored energy, including battery fires. Moreover, failures of coatings, mechanical (or ion) induced swelling and stiffening, stresses arising from fabrication, and mechanical stresses and damage from multiple charge-discharge cycles pose significant challenges for new device development and integration. Thus, for both safety and performance reasons, it is necessary to understand how these devices perform mechanically, including each component at the appropriate size scale.

Nanomechanical testing of battery materials provides quantitative characterization for emerging materials and deeper insight for improving mechanical performance.

Battery Research by Raman Microscopy

Carbon analysis in flexible electrodes

Batteries using LiFePO4 (LFP) based cathodes are known to be very safe and show no risk of thermal runaway but have a low electrical conductivity, limiting the performance at high charge/ discharge rates. A very thin carbon coating on the LFP particles can improve its conductivity. The anodic stability of carbon coated cathode materials can be studied with Raman Spectroscopy, which demonstrates the homogeneity of the coating.

All components of a battery like anode/cathode materials and electrolytes can be analyzed with a very high lateral resolution using Raman microspectroscopy, both ex- and in -situ. Carbon is widely used in batteries. Raman spectra can be used to distinguish its allotropes and provide further information like defect concentration.

核磁共振与电子顺磁共振

磁共振技术广泛应用于电池研究和生产

磁共振(MR)技术为电池行业提供了宝贵的工具,支持研究人员深入了解影响电池性能的化学和物理过程。这项技术还可有效应用于电池制造的价值链和供应链,以确保电池组件和材料(包括电极、电解质和隔膜)的质量始终如一。此外,利用磁共振技术还可以监控电池生产流程,识别任何可能影响电池性能或安全的缺陷或不一致之处。利用磁共振技术,电池制造商可以提高生产能力,开发出更高效、更耐用、更具成本效益的电池解决方案,以满足不断增长的市场需求。

无论您是电池制造商还是研究人员,磁共振技术都能帮助您在快节奏的电池研究和制造领域实现创新。

Imaging Batteries and Fuel Cells with X-Ray Microscopy

Verify structural integrity and research microstructure of electrodes

PR44 button cell scanned with SKYSCAN 1275, 8 µm voxel size.

X-ray microscopy enables to non-destructively visualize the internal 3D structure of batteries and fuel cells. XRM is therefore a great tool to help understanding failure mechanisms by monitoring the internal alignment of components such as electrode separation over the battery life time, or in stress tests.

The electrode microstructure of modern high-performance batteries such as Li-ion batteries significantly impacts key properties such as cycle life time and capacity. A lot of efforts therefore go into careful optimization of processing parameters to tease out the best battery performance. XRM as multi-scale analysis technique supports advanced battery research since it can reveal at high resolution the microstructure of the individual anode and cathode layers.

WAVELENGTH DISPERSIVE SPECTROMETERS IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Elemental mapping in lead-acid battery electrodes

Lead-acid batteries (accumulators) are rechargeable devices for storing electric energy generated by electrochemical processes. The batteries consist of electrodes made of lead (Pb) and lead dioxide (PbO2) and dilute sulfuric acid (37% H2SO4) as electrolyte. During discharge of lead-acid batteries, finely dispersed lead sulfate (PbSO4) forms on electrodes in a process that is reversed by recharging. However, under certain conditions, permanent deposits can also form on the electrodes. X-ray element maps acquired by WDS are ideal for investigating the nature and spatial distribution of sulfation deposits leading to battery failure.

X-ray element distribution map for S and Pb acquired on an electrode of a lead acid battery

网络研讨会

In-Situ, in-Operando PeakForce Tapping Imaging of Li-Ion Batteries in a Glovebox
On-Demand Session • 65 Minutes

In-Situ, In-Operando PeakForce Tapping Imaging of Li-Ion Batteries in a Glovebox

Explore study findings for in-situ and in-operando imaging of a Li-ion battery sample using a Dimension Icon AFM in a glove box at <1 ppm O2 and H2O.
In-Situ Studies of SEI Evolution in Li-Ion Batteries
On-Demand Session | 60 Minutes

In-Situ Studies of SEI Evolution in Li-Ion Batteries

Join guest presenters Dr. Xingcheng Xiao (General Motors) and Ravi Kumar (Brown University) as they report on in-situ and in-operando characterization of Li-Ion Batteries in a glovebox with < 1 ppm O2 and H2O stable environment.
These batteries, however, begin to degrade in performance with each charge-discharge cycle.
Webinar Recording • 18 Minutes

Nanomechanical Characterization of Battery Materials in a High Purity Environment

Watch this webinar to learn how nanomechanical materials testing is performed on battery materials in a high-purity environment.
Li-io batteries
ON DEMAND SESSION - 50 MINUTES

Rapid and Cost-Effective Metal Analysis for the Material Sciences and Battery Research

This webinar will demonstrate the application of benchtop Total Reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometers in the material sciences and battery research. We will highlight how TXRF requires only simple sample preparation for the analysis of powders, ionic liquids, electrolytes and electrodes.
csm_banner-webinar-march-6-2018_d0a374deef
2018年3月6日

PFG Diffusion NMR on Batteries and Polymers

电池电解质中的离子移动性对电池性能有很大影响。多核扩散核磁共振支持直接观察不同离子的流动性,因为它们包含不同的核(1H、19F、7Li、23Na......),可通过多核核磁共振独立检测。PFG NMR 扩散的另一个应用是确定聚合物的分子量分布(MWD)。这代表了一种比通过尺寸排除色谱法直接测定MWD更快、更便宜的方法。
Translational opportunities with small animal imaging in psychiatry
Sept 26, 2023

塑造电池的未来:贯穿整个价值链的布鲁克技术

众所周知,我们现在对高效、可持续能源存储解决方案的需求是空前的。随着电动汽车和可再生能源存储需求的不断增长,电池行业和学术机构也在不断发展,并不断推进技术进步。布鲁克始终坚持站在创新的最前沿,为电池研究和制造提供行业领先的技术和解决方案。在本次网络研讨会上,我们将探讨布鲁克技术的最新发展,以及如何将其应用于优化电池性能、降低成本和加速实现更清洁能源的未来。
Magnetic Resonance for Li-ion Batteries: from NMR to EPR
2023年2月7日

Magnetic Resonance for Li-ion Batteries: from NMR to EPR

本次网络研讨会将有助于理解NMR和EPR技术对电池研究的重要价值,从而促进先进磁共振技术的进一步发展。胡炳文教授将介绍原位EPR和EPR成像方法的独特例子,用以研究体相和树枝状锂沉积、Na离子电池中Cr-离子的溶解、检测和监测氧物种,如新型正极材料中的分子氧和单线氧。使用EPR与NMR一起分析和理解电化学反应机制和电极结构变化的新方法是进一步提高电池性能的关键。
EPR for Energy Conversion and Material Science
2022年10月18日

EPR for Energy Conversion and Material Science

本次英文网络研讨会上,主讲人首先对EPR波谱学进行了简短介绍,随后为大家展示利用EPR了解催化剂以及材料中的自旋密度分布的重要实例。
XRD & XRM Battery day
October 7, 2021

XRD & XRM Battery day

Learn how XRD and XRM techniques are applied to batteries