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Materials Research AFMs

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High-Resolution AFMs for Challenging Research

As atomic force microscopy enters its fourth decade as a primary technique for enabling advanced materials research, its high-resolution data has been used to drive discovery across a nearly countless array of disciplines and applications. Bruker has been leading the expansion of AFM capabilities since the introduction of the first commercial system in the 1980s. As the technology has matured, AFM has given scientists the opportunity to characterize features on ever more complex samples, and not only in topography. Our committment to helping you do more, and do it more easily, has kept Bruker AFMs at the very cutting-edge of instrumentation innovation. For example, Bruker AFMs, powered exclusively by PeakForce Tapping^® technology, are helping researchers advance new nanomechanical, nanoelectrical, and nanoelectrochemical research, on the order of three peer-reviewed published articles per day.

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Article Year	Article Title	Authors	AFM System	Mode	Research Area
2022	Implementation of an Experimental Setup to Qualitatively Detect Hydrogen Permeation Along Grain Boundaries in Nickel Using Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Under Varying Atmospheres	Gruenewald, P.; Hautz, N.; Motz, C.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM	Fuel Cell, Nanoelectrical
2019	Nanoscale DMA With the Atomic Force Microscope: A New Method for Measuring Viscoelastic Properties of Nanostructured Polymer Materials	Pittenger, B.; Osechinskiy, S.; (…); Mueller, T.	Icon	AFM-nDMA	Polymers, Nanomechanical
2021	Investigating the Relationship Between the Mechanical Properties of Plasma Polymer-Like Thin Films and Their Glass Transition Temperature	Vinx, N.; Damnan, P.; (…); Thiry, D.	Icon	AFM-nDMA, PeakForce QNM	Polymers, Nanomechanical
2020	Comparison of Fresh and Aged Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes Using a Tailored Electrochemical Strain Microscopy Technique	Simolka, M.; Kaess, H.; Friedrich, K. A.	Icon	AFM-nDMA, PeakForce QNM	Batteries, Nanomechanical, Nanoelectrochemical
2020	Nanoscale Viscoelastic Characterization of Asphalt Binders Using the AFM-nDMA Test	Aljarrah, M.; Masad, E.	Icon	AFM-nDMA, PeakForce QNM	Bitumen, Nanomechanical
2021	Analysis of LiCoO₂ Electrodes Through Principal Component Analysis of Current–Voltage Datacubes Measured Using Atomic Force Microscopy	Maeda, Y.; Taguchi, N.; Sakaebe, H.	Icon	Datacube, Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM)	Batteries, Nanoelectrical
2017	Morphology Dynamics of Single-Layered Ni(OH)2/iOOH Nanosheets and Subsequent Fe Incorporation Studied by in Situ Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy	Deng, J.; Nellist, M. R.; (…); Boettcher, S. W.	Icon	Electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM)	Batteries, Nanoelectrochemical
2020	Failure Progression in the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on Silicon Electrodes	Guo, K.; Kumar, R.; (…); Gao, H.	Icon	Electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM); PeakForce Tapping	Batteries, Nanoelectrochemical
2018	Structural Evolution of Metal (Oxy)hydroxide Nanosheets During the Oxygen Evolution Reaction	Dette, C.; Hurst, M. R.; (…); Boettcher, S. W.	Icon	Electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM); PeakForce Tapping	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrochemical
2021	Signal Origin of Electrochemical Strain Microscopy and Link to Local Chemical Distribution in Solid State Electrolytes	Schön, N.; Schierholz, R.; (…); Hausen, F.	Icon	Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM)	Batteries, Nanoelectrochemical
2018	Imaging Photogenerated Charge Carriers on Surfaces and Interfaces of Photocatalysts With Surface Photovoltage Microscopy	Chen, R.; Fan, F.; (…); Li, C.	Icon	Kelvin Force Probe Microscopy (KPFM)	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrical
2017	Visualizing the Nano Cocatalyst Aligned Electric Fields on Single Photocatalyst Particles	Zhu, J.; Pang, S.; (…); Li, C.	Icon	Kelvin Force Probe Microscopy (KPFM)	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrical
2018	A Facile Space-Confined Solid-Phase Sulfurization Strategy for Growth of High-Quality Ultrathin Molybdenum Disulfide Single Crystals	Li, D.; Xiao, Z.; (…); Lu, Y.	MultiMode	Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM); Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM)	2D Materials, Nanoelectrical
2018	Twistable Electronics With Dynamically Rotatable Heterostructures	Ribeiro-Palau, R.; Zhang, C.; (…); Dean, C. R.	Icon	Lateral Force Microscopy (LFM)	2D Materials, Nanomechanical
2021	Large-Area, Two-Dimensional MoS2 Exfoliated on Gold: Direct Experimental Access to the Metal–Semiconductor Interface	Pollmann, E.; Sleziona, S.; (…); Schleberger, M.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM	2D Materials, Nanoelectrical
2021	Band Edge Energy Tuning through Electronic Character Hybridization in Ternary Metal Vanadates	Richter, M. H.; Peterson, E. A.; (…); Gregoire, J. M.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM	Nanoelectrical
2020	Intergranular Corrosion Behavior of Low-Chromium Ferritic Stainless Steel Without Cr-Carbide Precipitation After Aging	Hu, S.; Mao, Y.; (…); Hänninen, H.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM	Metals, Nanoelectrical
2021	Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of the 7A85 Aluminum Alloy in an Industrial-Marine Atmospheric Environment	Zhao, Q.; Guo, C.; (…); Li, X.	MultiMode	PeakForce KPFM	Metals, Nanoelectrical
2021	Microstructure – Electron Work Function Relationship: A Crucial Step Towards “Electronic Metallurgy”	Luo, Y.; Tang, Y.; (…); Li, D.Y.	MultiMode	PeakForce KPFM	Metals, Nanoelectrical
2021	Electron Work Function: An Indicative Parameter Towards a Novel Material Design Methodology	Luo, Y.; Tang, Y.; (…); Li, D. Y.	MultiMode	PeakForce KPFM	Nanoelectrical
2021	Fusion of Purple Membranes Triggered by Immobilization on Carbon Nanomembranes	Riedel, R.; Frese, N.; (…); Gölzhäuser, A.	MultiMode	PeakForce KPFM	Nanoelectrical
2021	In situ Investigation of Oxidation Across a Heterogeneous Nanoparticle–Support Interface During Metal Support Interactions	Datta, A.; Deolka, S.; (…); Porkovich, A. J.	MultiMode	PeakForce KPFM	Nanoparticles, Nanoelectrical
2021	Defect-Assisted Electronic Metal–Support Interactions: Tuning the Interplay Between Ru Nanoparticles and CuO Supports for pH-Neutral Oxygen Evolution	Porkovich, A. J.; Kumar, P.; (…); Datta, A.	MultiMode	PeakForce KPFM	Nanoparticles, Nanoelectrical
2020	Understanding Crystallographic Orientation Dependent Dissolution Rates of 90Cu-10Ni Alloy: New Insights Based on AFM/SKPFM Measurements and Coordination Number/Electronic Structure Calculations	Ma, A.; Zhang, L.; (…); Zheng, Y.	MultiMode	PeakForce KPFM	Metals, Nanoelectrical
2017	Electron Work Function – A Probe for Interfacial Diagnosis	Li, D. Y.; Guo, L.; (…); Lu, H.	MultiMode	PeakForce KPFM	Nanoelectrical, Corrosion
2022	Surface Properties and Architectures of Male Moth Trichoid Sensilla Investigated Using Atomic Force Microscopy	Baker, T. C.; Zhou, Q.; (…); Tighe, T. B.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM, PeakForce QNM	Biology, Nanoelectrical, Nanomechanical
2021	Structurally Driven Environmental Degradation of Friction in MoS2 Films	Curry, J. F.; Ohta, T.; (…); Chandross, M.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM, PeakForce QNM	2D Materials, Nanoelectrical, Nanomechanical
2020	A Mesoporous Catalytic Fiber Architecture Decorated by Exsolved Nanoparticles for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells	Zhou, J.; Yang, J.; (….); Wu, K.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM, PeakForce QNM	Metals, Nanoelectrical, Nanomechanical
2020	The Optical Signatures of Molecular-Doping Induced Polarons in Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl): Individual Polymer Chains Versus Aggregates	Mansour, A. E.; Lungwitz, D.; Schultz, (…); Koch, N.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM, PeakForce QNM	Nanoelectrical
2020	Highly Selective Carrier-Type Modulation of Tungsten Selenide Transistors Using Iodine Vapor	Fan, S.; Cao, M.; (…); Su, J.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM, PeakForce QNM	Nanoelectrical
2020	Oxidation Promoted Self-Assembly of π-Conjugated Polymers	Hicks, G. E. J.; Jarrett-Wilkins, C. N.; (…); Seferos, D. S.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM, PeakForce QNM	Polymers, Nanoelectrical
2021	Extremely Fast Optical and Nonvolatile Control of Mixed‐phase Multiferroic BiFeO3 via Instantaneous Strain Perturbation	Liou, Y-D.; Ho, S-Z.; (…); Yang, J-C.	Icon	PeakForce KPFM, Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM)	Ferroelectrics, Nanoelectrical
2020	Assessment of AFM - KPFM and Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) for Measuring and Characterizing Materials Aging Processes	Baca, Ana	Icon	PeakForce KPFM, Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM)	Nanoelectrical
2021	Mechanical Properties of Organic Electronic Polymers on the Nanoscale	Panchal, V.; Dobryden, I.; (…); Venkateshvaran, D.	FastScan	PeakForce QNM	Polymers, Nanomechanical
2019	Automated Multi-Sample Acquisition and Analysis Using Atomic Force Microscopy for Biomedical Applications	Dujardin, A.; De Wolf, P.; (…); Dupres, V.	FastScan	PeakForce QNM	Biology, Automation
2019	Lithium Anode Stable in Air for Low-Cost Fabrication of a Dendrite-Free Lithium Battery	Shen, X.; Li, Y.; (…); Goodenough, J. B.	Icon	PeakForce QNM	Batteries, Nanomechanical
2021	Nano-Vault Architecture Mitigates Stress in Silicon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries	Haro, M.; Kumar, P.,(…); Grammatikopoulos, P.	MultiMode	PeakForce QNM	Batteries, Nanomechanical
2020	Layer-by-Layer Printing of Photopolymers in 3D: How Weak is the Interface?	Gojzewski, H.; Guo, Z.; (…); Vancso, G. J.	MultiMode	PeakForce QNM	Additive Manufacturing, Nanomechanical
2021	Nanoscale Redox Mapping at the MoS2-Liquid Interface	Du, H.; Huang,Y.; (…); Chen, L.	Icon	PeakForce SECM	2D Materials, Nanoelectrical, Nanoelectrochemical
2019	Nanoscale Semiconductor/Catalyst Interfaces in Photoelectrochemistry	Laskowski, F. A. L.; Oener, S. Z.; (…); Boettcher, S. W.	Icon	PeakForce SECM	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrochemical
2018	Potential-Sensing Electrochemical Afm Shows CoPi as a Hole Collector and Oxygen Evolution Catalyst on BiVO4 Water-Splitting Photoanodes	Nellist, M. R.; Qiu, J.; (…); Boettcher, S. W.	Icon	PeakForce SECM	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrochemical
2017	Potential-Sensing Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy for in Operando Analysis of Water-Splitting Catalysts and Interfaces	Nellist, M. R.; Laskowski, F. A. L.; (…); Boettcher, S. W.	Icon	PeakForce SECM	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrochemical
2017	Atomic Force Microscopy With Nanoelectrode Tips for High Resolution Electrochemical, Nanoadhesion and Nanoelectrical Imaging	Nellist, M. R.; Chen, Y.; (…); Boettcher, S. W.	Icon	PeakForce SECM	Nanoelectrochemical
2017	Nanoelectrical and Nanoelectrochemical Imaging of Pt/p-Si and Pt/p+-Si Electrodes	Jiang, J.; Huang, Z.; (…); Brunschwig, B. S.	Icon	PeakForce SECM, PeakForce TUNA	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrical, Nanoelectrochemical
2020	Capillary Condensation Under Atomic-Scale Confinement	Yang, Q.; Sun, P.; (…); Geim, A.	FastScan, Icon	PeakForce Tapping	2D Materials
2020	Supramolecular Copolymerization Driven by Integrative Self‑Sorting of Hydrogen-Bonded Rosettes	Aratsu, K.; Takeya, R.; (…); Yagai. S.	MultiMode	PeakForce Tapping	Polymers, Molecules
2021	Optimized Atomic Layer Deposition of Homogeneous, Conductive Al2O3 Coatings for High-Nickel NCM Containing Ready-to-Use Electrodes	Negi, R. S.; Culver, S. P.; (…); Elm, M. T.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Batteries, Nanoelectrical
2021	On the Importance of Li Metal Morphology on the Cycling of Lithium Metal Polymer Cells	Storelli, A.; Rousselot, S.; (…); Dollé, M.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Batteries, Nanoelectrical
2021	Conducting Composite Films Based on Chitosan or Sodium Hyaluronate. Properties and Cytocompatibility With Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells	Jasenská, D.; Kašpárková, V.; (…); Humpolíček, P.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Biology, Nanoelectrical
2021	Development of a Photoelectrochemically Self-Improving Si/GaN Photocathode for Efficient and Durable H2 Production	Zeng, G.; Pham, T. A.; (…); Toma, F. M.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrical
2021	Fabrication of PCDTBT Conductive Network via Phase Separation	Xu, J.; Liu, Z.; (…); Chen, J.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Nanoelectrical
2021	Spatiotemporal Imaging of Anisotropic Charge Transfer in Photocatalyst Particles	Li, C.; Chen, R.; (…); Fan, F.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Nanoparticles, Nanoelectrical
2021	Current Rectification and Photo-Responsive Current Achieved through Interfacial Facet Control of Cu2O–Si Wafer Heterojunctions	Lee, A-T.; Tan, C-S.; Huang, M. H.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Photovoltaics, Nanoelectrical
2021	Correlation of Thermoelectric Performance, Domain Morphology and Doping Level in PEDOT:PSS Thin Films Post‐Treated With Ionic Liquids	Oechsle, A. L.; Heger, J. E.; (…); Müller‐Buschbaum, P.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Photovoltaics, Polymers, Nanoelectrical
2021	Electrically Conductive Silicon Oxycarbide Thin Films Prepared From Preceramic Polymers	Ricohermoso, E. III, Klug, F.; (…); Ionescu, E.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Polymers, Nanoelectrical
2021	Gate‐Controlled Polarity‐Reversible Photodiodes With Ambipolar 2D Semiconductors	Du, J.; Liao, Q.; (…); Zhang, Y.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Semiconductors, Nanoelectrical
2021	Influence of Surface Band Bending on a Narrow Band Gap Semiconductor: Tunneling Atomic Force Studies of Graphite With Bernal and Rhombohedral Stacking Orders	Ariskina, R.; Schnedler, M.; (…); Estrela-Lopis, I.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Semiconductors, Nanoelectrical
2020	Surface Defects State Analysis of Laser Induced Graphene From 4H-SiC	Lin, Z.; Ji, L.; (…); Sun, Z.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	2D Materials, Nanoelectrical
2020	Effects of the Mixing Sequence on Making Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes	Wang, M.; Dang, D.; (…); Cheng, Y-T.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Batteries, Nanoelectrical
2020	Harnessing Silicon Facet-Dependent Conductivity to Enhance the Direct-Current Produced by a Sliding Schottky Diode Triboelectric Nanogenerator	Ferrie, S.; Darwish, N.; (…); Ciampi, S.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Nanoelectrical
2020	Time-Resolved Open-Circuit Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Direct Electromechanical Characterization	Calahorra, Y.; Kim, W.; (…); Kar-Narayan, S.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Nanoelectrical
2020	Local Defect-Enhanced Anodic Oxidation of Reformed GaN Nanowires	Colvin, J.; Ciechonski, R.; (…); Timm, R.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Nanowires, Nanoelectrical
2020	Silver Nanofilament Formation Dynamics in a Polymer‐Ionic Liquid Thin Film by Direct Write	Chao, Z.; Sezginel, K. B.; (…); Fullerton‐Shirey, S. K.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Polymers, Nanoelectrical
2020	Nanoscale Observation of the Solid Electrolyte Interface and Lithium Dendrite Nucleation–Growth Process During the Initial Lithium Electrodeposition	Wang, S.; Yin, X.; (…); Li, B.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA
2019	In Situ Observation of the Insulator-to-Metal Transition and Nonequilibrium Phase Transition for Li1–xCoO2 Films With Preferred (003) Orientation Nanorods	Chen, Y.; Yu, Q.; (…); Huang, Z.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Batteries, Nanowires, Nanoelectrical
2019	Relation Between Charge Transport and the Number of Interconnected Lamellar Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) Crystals	Wang, B.; Chen, J.; (…); Zhang, B.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Polymers, Nanoelectrical
2018	Electrically Controlled Water Permeation Through Graphene Oxide Membranes	Zhou, K-G.; Vasu, K. S.; (…); Nair, R. R.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	2D Materials, Nanoelectrical
2018	Nanoscale Imaging of Charge Carrier Transport in Water Splitting Photoanodes	Eichhorn, J.; Kastl, C.; (…); Toma, F. M.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrical
2017	A Liquid Metal Reaction Environment for the Room-Temperature Synthesis of Atomically Thin Metal Oxides	Zavabeti, A.; Ou, J.; (…); Daeneke, T.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	2D Materials, Nanoelectrical
2021	Uncapped Gold Nanoparticles for the Metallization of Organic Monolayers	Martín‐Barreiro, A.; Soto, R.; (…); Cea, P.	Icon, MultiMode	PeakForce TUNA	Nanoelectrical
2021	Exploring the Interface of Skin‐Layered Titanium Fibers for Electrochemical Water Splitting	Liu, C.; Shviro, M.; (…); Carmo, M.	MultiMode	PeakForce TUNA	Fuel Cells, Nanoelectrical
2021	Microscopic Characterization of Poly(Sulfur Nitride)	Amado, E.; Hasan, N.; (…); Kressler, J.	MultiMode	PeakForce TUNA	Nanoelectrical
2021	Al2O3 Buffer-Facilitated Epitaxial Growth of High-Quality ZnO/ZnS Core/Shell Nanorod Arrays	Ru, F.; Xia, J.; (…); Meng, X-M.	MultiMode	PeakForce TUNA	Nanoelectrical
2020	An Ordered and Fail‐Safe Electrical Network in Cable Bacteria	Eachambadi, R. T.; Bonné, R.; (…); Manca, J. V.	MultiMode	PeakForce TUNA	Bacteria, Biology, Nanoelectrical
2020	Stabilizing Polymer–Lithium Interface in a Rechargeable Solid Battery	Yan, M.; Liang, J-Y.,(…); Wan, L-J	MultiMode	PeakForce TUNA	Batteries, Nanoelectrical
2020	Ultrafast Assembly of Swordlike Cu3(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate)n Metal–Organic Framework Crystals With Exposed Active Metal Sites	Ahmed, H.; Yang, X.; (…); Yeo, L. Y.	MultiMode	PeakForce TUNA	Metals, Nanoelectrical
2020	Sn/SnO Hybrid Graphene for Thermal Interface Material and Interconnections With Sn Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes	Mittal, J.; Lin, K. L.		PeakForce TUNA	Nanoelectrical
2021	Non-Destructive Depth-Dependent Morphological Characterization of Ferroelectric:Semiconducting Polymer Blend Films	Spampinato, N.; Pecastaings, G.; (…); Pavlopoulou, E.	Icon	PeakForce TUNA	Polymers, Nanoelectrical
2018	Determination of Polypeptide Conformation With Nanoscale Resolution in Water	Ramer, G.; Ruggeri, F. S.; (…); Centrone, A.	NanoIR	Photothermal AFM-IR	Biology, Molecules, Nanochemical
2019	Deterministic Optical Control of Room Temperature Multiferroicity in BiFeO3 Thin Films	Liou, Y-D.; Chiu, Y-Y.; (…); Yang, J-C.	MultiMode	Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM)	Ferroelectrics, Nanoelectrical
2018	Poling-Free Energy Harvesters Based on Robust Self-Poled Ferroelectric Fibers	Zhu, R.; Wang, Z.; (…); Kimur, H.	MultiMode	Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM)	Ferroelectrics, Nanoelectrical
2017	Temporary Formation of Highly Conducting Domain Walls for Non-Destructive Read-Out of Ferroelectric Domain-Wall Resistance Switching Memories	Jiang, J.; Bai, Z. L.; (…); Jiang A. Q.	Icon	Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM); Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM)	Ferroelectrics, Nanoelectrical
2018	Unidirectional Molecular Assembly Alignment on Graphene Enabled by Nanomechanical Symmetry Breaking	Hong, L.; Nishihara, T.; (…); Itami, K.	FastScan	TappingMode	2D Materials, Molecules
2020	Controlling MOFS ZnO Heterostructure Kinetics Through Selective Ligand Binding to ZnO Surface Steps	Tao, J.; Lee, M-S.; (…); Sinnwell, M. A.	MultiMode	TappingMode
2021	Reversible Planar Gliding and Microcracking in a Single‑Crystalline Ni-Rich Cathode	Bi, Y.; Tao, J.,(…); Xiao, J.	MultiMode		Batteries, Nanoelectrochemical

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